If you’ve ever have to wipe the drive of a very old Mac, you know you need an old macOS to get it running again. Beyond Restore, Apple only grudgingly allows downloads, but others are trying to make it easier.

You can download installers for most versions of the Mac operating system back to OS X Lion – image credit: Apple

You can download installers for most versions of the Mac operating system back to OS X Lion – image credit: Apple
Apple does rather prefer you to use only the latest version of macOS, but it’s not as if it charges you to do so. Eventually you might need to buy a new Mac, so there is some financial upside for the company, but most of the time, the reason to stay up to date is security.
If you’re looking for an older macOS version then you know this already, but you also know that the Mac you’re working on will not run macOS Tahoe. In which case, your job is this: